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emankhalid2003
College
Can anyone explain oxidation, and reduction reactions of:
1. aldehydes
2.ketones
3. carboxylic acids
4.primary alcohols
5.secondary alcohols
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(Based on todays review)
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bawaansh77
Answer:
Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones. Hydride reacts with the carbonyl group, C=O, in aldehydes or ketones to give alcohols. ... Reduction of ketones gives secondary alcohols. The acidic work-up converts an intermediate metal alkoxide salt into the desired alcohol via a simple acid base reaction.
The carbon atom of a carboxyl group is in a relatively high oxidation state. Diborane, B2H6, reduces the carboxyl group in a similar fashion. ... Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, does not reduce carboxylic acids; however, hydrogen gas is liberated and salts of the acid are formed.
Primary alcohols can be oxidized to form aldehydes and carboxylic acids; secondary alcohols can be oxidized to give ketones. Tertiary alcohols, in contrast, cannot be oxidized without breaking the molecule's C–C bonds.
A secondary alcohol can be oxidised into a ketone using acidified potassium dichromate and heating under reflux. The orange-red dichromate ion, Cr2O72−, is reduced to the green Cr3+ ion. This reaction was once used in an alcohol breath test.
hope it will help u
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